North American and European practices for opioid-sparing and opioid-free anaesthesia: a cross-sectional survey. uri icon

authors

  • Nancy M. Boulos, MD, MPH
  • Gricourt, Yann
  • Cannesson, Maxime
  • Forget, Patrice
  • Joosten, Alexandre
  • Daoulas, Yann
  • Grogan, Tristan
  • Alexander, Brenton
  • Mezzarobba, Myriam
  • Cuvillon, Philippe
  • Pogatzki-Zahn, Esther M
  • Beloeil, Helene

publication date

  • December 15, 2025